This book offers a socio-history of the silent revolution that took place between 1945 and 1968 in professional practices in the physical sciences. How did physicists and chemists, most of whom considered themselves to be scholars, became researchers?

Women artists are less visible than men artists on the contemporary art market. Yet, they are in the majority in art schools. How can we explain this paradox? This book offers a new perspective on gender inequalities in artistic careers by examining the career paths of the graduates of a prestigious French school of visual arts.