This book, which has now become a classic of the French sociology of work, is the result of an empirical investigation by participant observation of workshop work in a large metallurgical company in Lyon in the 1970s. By rejecting the fiction of a scientific organization of work and the miserabilist discourses on the condition of the working class, Bernoux lays the foundations of a theory of the appropriation of work that has subsequently influenced many observers of the contemporary productive worlds. More relevant than ever, this book will enlighten all those who are interested in work and its changes (trade unionists, students, women and men in business, etc., and of course specialists in the social sciences of work).