The development of French language didactics as a scientific discipline has led to the construction of numerous models. These may pertain to the entire field of the discipline, to teaching objects, to the links between teaching areas or to the teacher's role. Some of these models provide insight into historical developments in the teaching of French. The concept of disciplinary models in action addresses the tensions between different models that are observable in teaching practices. Issue 71 of the journal Repères examines the complexity of the concept of 'model' in French didactics. This complexity is illustrated by both the numerous existing definitions and the diversity of its functions. This issue is therefore a stepping stone towards epistemological clarification: several models developed by French language didacticians for different areas of French teaching (didactics of literature, writing, grammar, etc.) are presented and tested by analysing data relating to teaching or training practices. The phenomena of articulation or conflict between several models and the sedimentation of practices are analysed in teacher training (initial or continuing) situations. With a view to understanding and epistemology, the contributions in this issue seek to refine the definition of the concept of model and demonstrate its heuristic interest for research and training.